ARCHITECTURAL | History | 17 Questions (EASY-MODERATE)
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
(17 Questions, Difficulty Level:EASY to MODERATE)
by Raison John J. Bassig
Q#1: Which among the following list of structures were designed by Louis Sullivan?
1 - Holy Trinity Cathedral (Chicago, Illinois)
2 - Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building (Chicago, Illinois)
3 - Wainwright Building (St. Louis, Missouri)
4 - Prudential (Guaranty) Building (Buffalo, New York)
5 - Flatiron Building (Manhattan, New York)
a. 1, 2, 3, and 4
b. 2, 3, and 4
c. 1, 3, and 5
d. 2 and 3
Among the given buildings, ONLY choice "5" (Flatiron Building) was NOT designed by Louis Sullivan (it was designed by Daniel Burnham).
1 - Holy Trinity Cathedral (Chicago, Illinois)
Designed by Louis Sullivan in 1903. One of the only two churches he designed (the other one is the St. Paul United Methodist Church in Iowa in 1910s).
2 - Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building (Chicago, Illinois)
Designed by Louis Sullivan in 1899. Subsequent additions made by Daniel Burnham in 1906.
3 - Wainwright Building (St. Louis, Missouri)
Designed by Louis Sullivan (with Dankmar Adler, as the firm Adler & Sullivan) in the 1890s.
4 - Prudential (Guaranty) Building (Buffalo, New York)
Designed by Louis Sullivan and Dankmar Adler, completed in 1896.
5 - Flatiron Building (Manhattan, New York)
Designed by Daniel Burnham (his first building in New York City) and built in 1902.
Therefore, the correct answer is a. 1, 2, 3, and 4.
Q#2: An upright stone slab or pillar with a carved or inscribed surface, used as a monument or marker, or as a commemorative tablet in the face of a building.
a. Stele
b. Obelisk
c. Pillar
d. Menhir
Obelisk:
"A tall, four-sided shaft of stone that tapers as it rises to a pyramidal point, originating in ancient Egypt as a sacred symbol of the sun-god Ra and usually standing in pairs astride temple entrances."
Pillar:
"An upright relatively slender shaft or structure, usually of brick or stone, used as a building support or standing alone as a monument."
Menhir:
"A prehistoric monument consisting of an upright megalith, usually standing alone but sometimes aligned with others."
Stele:
"An upright stone slab or pillar with a carved or inscribed surface, used as a monument or marker, or as a commemorative tablet in the face of a building."
(Page 250, A Visual Dictionary of Architecture by Francis D.K. Ching)
The photo below is another example of a stele (a commemorative tablet):
Therefore, the correct answer is a. Dressing Room.
Q#4: In a traditional Bahay na Bato, this part of the cocina is where preserves and leftovers are usually stored. A can of kerosene is sometimes placed under every leg to prevent ants from going up.
a. Banggera
b. Aljibe
c. Paminggalan
d. Bañera
Banggera = Extended window sill (to wash and dry plates) Aljibe = Water cistern/storage Paminggalan = Cupboard Bañera = Bath tub
Q#5: A monument erected in memory of a deceased person whose remains are buried elsewhere.
a. Mastaba
b. Serdab
c. Tribunal
d. Cenotaph
Mastaba:
"An ancient Egyptian tomb made of mud brick, rectangular in plan with a flat roof and sloping sides, from which a shaft leads to underground burial and offering chambers."
(Page 249, A Visual Dictionary of Architecture by Francis D.K. Ching)
Serdab:
"A small chamber inside a mastaba containing a statue of the deceased."
(Page 249, A Visual Dictionary of Architecture by Francis D.K. Ching)
Tribunal:
"A raised platform in an ancient Roman basilica for the seats of magistrates. Also, tribune."
(Page 251, A Visual Dictionary of Architecture by Francis D.K. Ching)
Cenotaph:
"A monument erected in memory of a deceased person whose remains are buried elsewhere."
(Page 251, A Visual Dictionary of Architecture by Francis D.K. Ching)
Therefore, the correct answer is d. Cenotaph.
Q#6: The World's Fair held in Chicago in 1893, setting off the City Beautiful Movement.
a. The Ferris' Wheel Expo
b. The World Cities Exhibition
c. The City in White
d. The World's Columbian Exposition
The above photo was taken in 1893 during the World's Columbian Exposition (also known as the Chicago World's Fair) in Chicago, Illinois, to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the New World in 1492, showing the Court of Honor and Grand Basin (looking west from the Peristyle) as depicted in The Project Gutenberg EBook of Official Views Of The World's Columbian Exposition by C. D. Arnold and H. D. Higinbotham.
Advertisement piece of art for the World's Columbian Exposition (also known as the Chicago World's Fair), held in 1893 (Public Domain)
Therefore, the correct answer is d. The World's Columbian Exposition.
Q#7: These famous architects were well-known for the buildings and structures they have designed during the Baroque Era of architecture, except:
a. Francesco Borromini
b. Leon Battista Alberti
c. Christopher Wren
d. Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini
Borromini (1599-1667), Bernini (1598-1680), and Wren (1632-1723) were all contemporaries during the Baroque Era of architecture, while Alberti (1404-1472) lived during the Italian Renaissance Era, centuries prior to the birth of the three aforementioned architects.
From L-R: Borromoni, Bernini, Wren (Images from Public Domain), and Alberti (Image from Sailko via Wikipedia)
Therefore, the correct answer is b. Leon Battista Alberti.
Q#8: A raised stage reserved for the clergy in Early Christian churches. It forms the origin of the transepts when expanded laterally in later Christian architecture.
a. Ambo
b. Bema
c. Chevet
d. Presbytery
Ambo:
"Either of the two raised stands from which the Gospels or Epistles were read or chanted in an early Christian church. Also, ambon."
(Page 35, A Visual Dictionary of Architecture by Francis D.K. Ching)
Bema:
"A transverse open space separating the nave and the apse of an early Christian church, developing into the transept of later cruciform churches."
"The sanctuary space surrounding the altar of an Eastern church."
(Page 35, A Visual Dictionary of Architecture by Francis D.K. Ching)
Chevet:
"The rounded east end of a Gothic cathedral, including the apse and ambulatory."
(Page 37, A Visual Dictionary of Architecture by Francis D.K. Ching)
Presbytery:
"The part of a church reserved for the officiating clergy."
(Page 37, A Visual Dictionary of Architecture by Francis D.K. Ching)
Therefore, the correct answer is b. Bema.
Q#9: Who is the architect of the TWA Flight Center in 1962 at the JFK International Airport in New York City?
a. Eliel Saarinen
b. Jorn Utzon
c. Alvar Aalto
d. Eero Saarinen
(Eero Saarinen and his associate working on the scale model of the TWA Flight Center. Image courtesy of de de ce.)
Therefore, the correct answer is d. Eero Saarinen.
Q#10: Which among the following structures were designed by Architect Juan Nakpil?
I. SSS Building (East Avenue, Quezon City)
II. Rufino Tower (Ayala Avenue, Makati City)
III. San Beda Chapel (San Beda College, Manila)
IV. Quezon Institute (E. Rodriguez Avenue, Quezon City)
V. Iglesia ni Kristo Church (F. Manalo Street, San Juan City)
a. I and IV
b. I, III, and IV
c. I, II, IV, and V
d. I, II, III, IV, and V
The San Beda Chapel (also known as the Abbey of Our Lady of Montserrat) in Mendiola, Manila was designed by George Asp.
The rest of my given choices (SSS Building, OLD Rufino Tower, Quezon Institute, and Iglesia ni Kristo Church F. Manalo-San Juan City) were all designed by Juan Nakpil.
a. Legislative Assembly Building, Chandigarh, India.
b. Sainte-Marie de La Tourette, Eveux, France.
c. L'atomic Centre, Lyon, France.
d. Visual Arts Centre, Harvard University, Massachusetts
(At left, Le Corbusier with the map of Chandigarh. At right, Le Corbusier with India's first prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru, who conceptualised Chandigarh as a "new town, symbolic of the freedom of India, unfettered by the traditions of the past". Images courtesy Chandigarh.Gov.In and eBay via rediff.com.)
Therefore, the correct answer is a. Legislative Assembly Building, Chandigarh, India.
Q#12: Who was the architect of the Beijing National Stadium, constructed for the 2008 Summer Olympics, famously known as the "Bird's Nest"?
a. Zaha Hadid
b. Herzog & de Meuron
c. Frank Gehry
d. Coop Himmelblau
(Herzog & de Meuron at the Bird's Nest Stadium. Photo courtesy of IMDb.)
Therefore, the correct answer is b. Herzog & de Meuron (Jacques Herzog & Pierre de Meuron).
Q#13: Which of the following Greek temples is not an Ionic Temple?
a. Temple of Artemis in Ephesus
b. Temple of Athena Nike in Acropolis
c. Erechtheion
d. Temple of Hera in Paestum
Therefore, the correct answer is d. Temple of Hera in Paestum (a Doric Temple).
Q#14: The following architects were all involved in the design and construction of the present St. Peter's Basilica which spanned from 1506 to 1626 (replacing the Old St. Peter's Basilica of the 4th century) in Vatican City, except:
a. Leon Battista Alberti
b. Donato Bramante
c. Raffaello da Urbino (Raphael)
d. Michelangelo
Alberti was the architect commissioned by Pope Nicholas V for the repair and rebuilding of the OLD St. Peter's Basilica (along with Bernardo Rossellino) prior to the 1500's.
The rest of my choices, Bramante, Raphael, and Michelangelo, et. al., were involved in the design and construction of the NEW and PRESENT St. Peter's Basilica (from 1506 to 1626).
These are the list of 13 architects who were involved in the said redesign/reconstruction of the old Basilica:
Donato Bramante (selected by Pope Julius in 1506 which features a Greek cross/square plan and a dome.)
Giuliano da Sangallo (replaced Bramante when Pope Julius died in 1513. Bramante also died in 1512.)
Fra Giocondo (replaced Bramante when Pope Julius died in 1513. Bramante also died in 1512.)
Raphael (replaced da Sangallo and Giocondo who both died in 1515. Extended Bramante's plan to rectangular with 5 naves.)
Baldassare Peruzzi (replaced Raphael when he died in 1520. Reverted to Bramante's Greek cross plan but maintained Raphael's arrangement of the apses.)
Antonio da Sangallo the Younger (after Rome was sacked in 1527, submitted a plan in 1536 combining elements from Peruzzi, Raphael, and Bramante, with a wide facade, a portico, and a more elaborate dome.)
Michelangelo (reluctantly replaced da Sangallo in 1547 during the reign of Pope Paul III. Maintained Bramante's Greek cross plan.)
Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola (assistant of Michelangelo who replaced him when he died in 1564.)
Giorgio Vasari (appointed by Pope Pius V as a watchdog during da Vignola's term to ensure that Michelangelo's plans were carried out.)
Giacomo della Porta (appointed by Pope Sixtus V in 1585.)
Domenico Fontana (assisted della Porta during Pope Sixtus V reign.)
Carlo Maderno (nephew of Fontana and appointed by Pope Paul V in 1602. Designed the facade and extended nave to convert the plan into a Latin cross.)
Gian Lorenzo Bernini (received patronage from Pope Urban VIII in 1626 and worked on the Basilica for 50 years, including its baldacchino and the piazza.)
Therefore, the correct answer is a. Leon Battista Alberti (i.e., NOT involved during the 1506-1626 reconstruction).
Q#15: A style of Japanese architecture showing the influence of the traditional teahouse, including the use of unfinished materials to create a natural effect.
a. Metabolism
b. Shoji Style
c. Zen
d. Sukiya
Metabolism (shinchintaisha) was a Japanese architectural movement that combined architectural megastructures with organic biological growth. Its first beginnings was during CIAM's (Congrès Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne) 1959 meeting (under Kenzo Tange's students) and gained international exposure during the 1960 Tokyo World Design Conference where a group of young architects and designers (including Fumihiko Maki) prepared the publication of the Metabolism manifesto.
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolism_(architecture))
Shoji is a door, window or room divider in a traditional Japanese structure, consisting of translucent paper over a frame of wood which holds together a lattice of wood or bamboo. Shoji doors are often designed to slide open, and thus conserve space that would be required by a swinging door.
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dji)
Zen is a Japanese architecture and interior design that draws inspiration from elements of nature as they have immense respect for nature. Their designs have a strong connection with natural elements such as wood, plants, natural lighting and more.
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_architecture)
Sukiya-zukuri is one type of Japanese residential architectural style. Suki means refined, well cultivated taste and delight in elegant pursuits and refers to enjoyment of the exquisitely performed tea ceremony. The word originally denoted a building in which tea ceremony was done (known as a chashitsu) and was associated with ikebana flower arranging, and other Japanese traditional arts.
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukiya-zukuri)
A chashitsu ("tea room") in Japanese tradition is an architectural space designed to be used for tea ceremony (chanoyu) gatherings. The architectural style that developed for chashitsu is referred to as the sukiya style (sukiya-zukuri), and the term sukiya may be used as a synonym for chashitsu. Typical features of chashitsu are shoji windows and sliding doors made of wooden lattice covered in a translucent Japanese paper; tatami mat floors; a tokonoma alcove; and simple, subdued colours and style. The ideal floor size of a chashitsu is 4.5 tatami mats.
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chashitsu)
Q#16: Which among the following list of structures was/were not designed by Architect Felipe Mendoza?
1 - FEU Hospital (Morayta, Manila)
2 - Assumption College (Antipolo City, Rizal)
3 - Philam Life Building (Ermita, Manila)
4 - Development Bank of the Philippines (Makati Avenue, Makati City)
5 - Batasang Pambansa Complex (Quezon City)
a. 2 only
b. 1, 2, and 4
c. 3 and 4
d. 2, 3, 4, and 5
The Philam Life Building in Ermita (#3) and the Development Bank of the Philippines or DBP Building in Makati Ave. (#4) were both designed by Carlos Arguelles.
The FEU Hospital (#1), Assumption College in Antipolo (#2), and Batasang Pambansa (#5) were all designed by Felipe Mendoza.
Therefore, the correct answer is c. 3 and 4 (NOT designed by Architect Felipe Mendoza).
Q#17: Which architectural treatise did Leon Battista Alberti wrote?
a. De Re Aedificatoria
b. I Quattro Libri Dell'Architettura
c. De Architectura
d. Regole Generali D'Architettura
I Quattro Libri Dell'Architettura means "The Four Books on Architecture" (written by Andrea Palladio in the 1500's)
De Architectura means "On Architecture" (written by Vitruvius in the 1st century AD). It's full title is De Architectura libri decem, or the famous "Ten Books on Architecture"
Regole Generali D'Architettura means "General Rules of Architecture" (written by Sebastiano Serlio in the 1500's)
De Re Aedificatoria means "On the Art of Building" (written by Leon Battista Alberti in the 1400's)
Therefore, the correct answer is a. De Re Aedificatoria (On the Art of Building).
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