A 15-STOREY MINIMALIST OFFICE BUILDING W/ ROOF DECK
(8 Questions, Difficulty Level: MODERATE to CHALLENGING)
by Raison John J. Bassig
PROJECT BRIEF:A potential client has acquired a 54m x 86m corner lot, on even ground, in a zone classified as C-3. The shorter side faces a 10m-wide RROW, while the longer side faces an 8m-wide RROW. You were then officially hired to be the architect of this client to design his Proposed 15-Storey Office Building w/ Roof Deck.
His only three (3) requirements are:
- The floor-to-floor heights should all be at 3.30 meters;
- The parapet wall at the roof deck should be 1.30 meters high; and
- The building envelope should be minimalist, purely of curtain glass wall, straight from the ground up, with no projections or incremental setbacks whatsoever.
Q#1: What is the Allowable Maximum Building Footprint (AMBF) of your client's lot?
a. 3,950.00 sqm
b. 3,715.20 sqm
c. 4,179.60 sqm
d. 3,713.00 sqm
e. 3,465.00 sqm
There are several provisions in PD1096 and its 2004 IRR that can be used to determine the AMBF. Let's look at each one by one.
First, we refer to the table of Maximum Allowable Percentage of Site Occupancy (PSO) based on the Type of Land Use Zoning of the project. It is clear in the Project Brief that the structure is an OFFICE BUILDING situated on a C-3 (Commercial-3) ZONE. It is also stated in the client's requirements that the building envelope is purely of curtain glass wall, hence, the structure should have NO abutments/firewalls. So, from the table of Max. Allow. PSO, we can see that,
The table tells us that only up to 80% of the Total Lot Area (TLA) can be occupied by the footprint of the structure. Since the TLA is already given in the Project Brief as a 54m x 86m lot, or 54m x 86m = 4,644sqm, we can calculate the AMBF as,
Next, we refer to the table of Minimum Setbacks for Commercial Buildings based on Road Right-of-Way (RROW) Width. It is clear in the Project Brief that the 54m x 86m lot is a corner lot, bounded by two streets, with the shorter side (54m side) facing a 10m-wide RROW, while the longer side (86m) facing an 8m-wide RROW. So, from the table of Minimum Setbacks, we can see that,
The table tells us that both streets prescribe the same minimum setback requirement for the lot (i.e., 5m front and 2m side/rear). Since the lot is a corner lot, we will consequently have two (2) frontages. This means that at both sides of the building facing an RROW, we must apply the front setbacks required for such RROW width. So,
Lastly, we refer to the table of Minimum Total Open Space within Lot (TOSL) based on Lot Type. This table prescribes the TOSL, and consequently, the AMBF (since Total Lot Area = TOSL + PSO or AMBF). We can see in the table that,
The table tells us that a minimum of 20% of the TLA must be TOSL. Since TLA = PSO + TOSL, then, the AMBF, as far as Table VIII.G.6 is concerned, is 80% of the TLA (the same as that provided for in Table VIII.1).
So, at this point, after considering three (3) different provisions of the code, we have two (2) different resulting values of the AMBF,
Since we are looking for the MAXIMUM value (Maximum Footprint) allowed by the code, the LESSER value between the two MUST GOVERN to conform with the code.
Therefore, the correct answer is d. 3,713.00 sqm (Based on Min. Setbacks per Table VIII.3).
First, we refer to the table of Maximum Allowable Percentage of Site Occupancy (PSO) based on the Type of Land Use Zoning of the project. It is clear in the Project Brief that the structure is an OFFICE BUILDING situated on a C-3 (Commercial-3) ZONE. It is also stated in the client's requirements that the building envelope is purely of curtain glass wall, hence, the structure should have NO abutments/firewalls. So, from the table of Max. Allow. PSO, we can see that,
"Commercial 3 (Com-3) ==> Without Firewall ==> 80% of TLA"
(Rule VIII, Table VIII.1 of the 2004 IRR of PD1096)
(Rule VIII, Table VIII.1 of the 2004 IRR of PD1096)
The table tells us that only up to 80% of the Total Lot Area (TLA) can be occupied by the footprint of the structure. Since the TLA is already given in the Project Brief as a 54m x 86m lot, or 54m x 86m = 4,644sqm, we can calculate the AMBF as,
AMBF = 80% x TLA
AMBF = 0.80 x 4,644sqm
AMBF = 3,715.20sqm (Based on Max. Allow. PSO per Table VIII.1)
AMBF = 0.80 x 4,644sqm
AMBF = 3,715.20sqm (Based on Max. Allow. PSO per Table VIII.1)
Next, we refer to the table of Minimum Setbacks for Commercial Buildings based on Road Right-of-Way (RROW) Width. It is clear in the Project Brief that the 54m x 86m lot is a corner lot, bounded by two streets, with the shorter side (54m side) facing a 10m-wide RROW, while the longer side (86m) facing an 8m-wide RROW. So, from the table of Minimum Setbacks, we can see that,
"10.00m to 19.00m RROW Width ==> 5.00m (Front), 2.00m (Side), 2.00m (Rear)"
"Below 10.00m RROW Width ==> 5.00m (Front), 2.00m (Side), 2.00m (Rear)"
(Rule VIII, Table VIII.3 of the 2004 IRR of PD1096)
"Below 10.00m RROW Width ==> 5.00m (Front), 2.00m (Side), 2.00m (Rear)"
(Rule VIII, Table VIII.3 of the 2004 IRR of PD1096)
The table tells us that both streets prescribe the same minimum setback requirement for the lot (i.e., 5m front and 2m side/rear). Since the lot is a corner lot, we will consequently have two (2) frontages. This means that at both sides of the building facing an RROW, we must apply the front setbacks required for such RROW width. So,
Max. Bldg. Width = Lot Width - Front Setback - Side/Rear Setback
Max. Bldg. Width = 54m - 5m - 2m
Max. Bldg. Width = 47m
Max. Bldg. Depth = Lot Depth - Front Setback - Side/Rear Setback
Max. Bldg. Depth = 86m - 5m - 2m
Max. Bldg. Depth = 79m
AMBF = Max. Bldg. Width x Max. Bldg. Depth
AMBF = 47m x 79m
AMBF = 3,713sqm (Based on Min. Setbacks per Table VIII.3)
Max. Bldg. Width = 54m - 5m - 2m
Max. Bldg. Width = 47m
Max. Bldg. Depth = Lot Depth - Front Setback - Side/Rear Setback
Max. Bldg. Depth = 86m - 5m - 2m
Max. Bldg. Depth = 79m
AMBF = Max. Bldg. Width x Max. Bldg. Depth
AMBF = 47m x 79m
AMBF = 3,713sqm (Based on Min. Setbacks per Table VIII.3)
Lastly, we refer to the table of Minimum Total Open Space within Lot (TOSL) based on Lot Type. This table prescribes the TOSL, and consequently, the AMBF (since Total Lot Area = TOSL + PSO or AMBF). We can see in the table that,
"Corner Lot ==> Without Firewall ==> All Other Uses/Occupancy ==> 20% of the TLA"
(Rule VIII, Table VIII.G.6 of the 2004 IRR of PD1096)
Note that even though the Occupancy Type of the Office Building is categorized as E-2, we must NOT use the column marked with "E-2" because such E-2 use only specifically pertains to "Institutional"-zoned buildings. So, we must use the column marked "All Other Uses/Occupancy" for our E-2 Office Building because the use is COMMERCIAL.
(Rule VIII, Table VIII.G.6 of the 2004 IRR of PD1096)
Note that even though the Occupancy Type of the Office Building is categorized as E-2, we must NOT use the column marked with "E-2" because such E-2 use only specifically pertains to "Institutional"-zoned buildings. So, we must use the column marked "All Other Uses/Occupancy" for our E-2 Office Building because the use is COMMERCIAL.
The table tells us that a minimum of 20% of the TLA must be TOSL. Since TLA = PSO + TOSL, then, the AMBF, as far as Table VIII.G.6 is concerned, is 80% of the TLA (the same as that provided for in Table VIII.1).
So, at this point, after considering three (3) different provisions of the code, we have two (2) different resulting values of the AMBF,
AMBF = 3,715.20sqm (Based on Max. Allow. PSO per Table VIII.1 AND Min. TOSL per Table VIII.G.6)
AMBF = 3,713.00sqm (Based on Min. Setbacks per Table VIII.3)
AMBF = 3,713.00sqm (Based on Min. Setbacks per Table VIII.3)
Since we are looking for the MAXIMUM value (Maximum Footprint) allowed by the code, the LESSER value between the two MUST GOVERN to conform with the code.
Therefore, the correct answer is d. 3,713.00 sqm (Based on Min. Setbacks per Table VIII.3).
Q#2: What is the Actual Building Height of the 15-Storey Office Building w/ Roof Deck?
a. 45.00m
b. 49.50m
c. 50.80m
d. 52.80m
e. 60.00m
Based on the client's requirements as mentioned in the Project Brief, the required floor-to-floor height is given at 3.30m. As there are 15 storeys/floors, then,
Since building height only excludes permitted projections above the roof such as signages, masts, antennae, towers, beacons, and the like (see Sec. 707.2.a and Figures VII.1 and VII.3), then, we must also INCLUDE the height of the PARAPET WALL given in the Project Brief as 1.30m. So,
Therefore, the correct answer is c. 50.80m.
Total Height of all Storeys/Floors = 3.30m (Floor-to-Floor Height) x 15 Floors
Total Height of all Storeys/Floors = 49.50m (From G/F to Roof Deck Floor Lines)
Total Height of all Storeys/Floors = 49.50m (From G/F to Roof Deck Floor Lines)
Since building height only excludes permitted projections above the roof such as signages, masts, antennae, towers, beacons, and the like (see Sec. 707.2.a and Figures VII.1 and VII.3), then, we must also INCLUDE the height of the PARAPET WALL given in the Project Brief as 1.30m. So,
Actual Building Height = 49.50m + 1.30m (Parapet Wall Height from Roof Deck Floor Line)
Actual Building Height = 50.80m
Actual Building Height = 50.80m
Therefore, the correct answer is c. 50.80m.
Q#3: What would be the Actual Yard Width along the 10m-wide RROW, considering your client's requirements?
a. 9.21m
b. 5.00m
c. 14.00m
d. 2.00m
e. 10.50m
Yards along any road are considered as front yards. In our solution for Q#1 (the AMBF = 3,713sqm), we have already determined that our maximum allowable building footprint is 47m x 79m due to the required minimum setbacks of 5m (front) and 2m (side/rear).
So, if we will only consider the front setbacks and disregard any other requirements, then, the yard width would simply be 5.00m.
If we are to continuously project the 47m x 79m AMBF vertically (as the typical floorplate for all floors above), our resulting continuous (straight) Outermost Face of the Building (OFB) will be only be limited up to a certain height (i.e., will NOT cover all the 15 storeys and the parapet wall) due to the provisions of the Slope of Angular Plane measured from the centerline of the street. As such, to conform with the code, we will be forced to provide a staggered building facade along such angular plane which is NOT what the client requires for the project.
As the question has stated, we must also consider the client requirements -- particularly, our client's desire that "the building envelope should be minimalist, purely of curtain glass wall, straight from the ground up, with NO PROJECTIONS or INCREMENTAL SETBACKS whatsoever" -- while still be in conformity with the provisions of the code.
According to the code on establishing the OFB,
In our case, our prescribed height is already given and calculated in Q#2, at 50.8m (actual building height). Our client wants a 50.8m straight OFB (without any staggered walls).
So, what we need to determine is how far from the property lines must our building footprint or OFB be positioned in order for us to have this 50.8m continuous vertical height where the tip of the parapet wall (uppermost portion of the building) will be exactly along the Slope of Angular Plane required.
We refer to the table of Angles/Slopes To Satisfy Natural Light and Ventilation Requirements Along RROW and Front Yards where it states,
This angle means that from the centerline of the 10m-wide RROW, if we project an imaginary line at 69.5° from the horizontal, the OFB must NOT go past beyond such line.
Since our prescribed height is 50.8m, and the centerline of the 10m RROW is measured at 5m from the property line, then, we can calculate the unknown distance of the OFB from the property line using basic trigonometric functions,
This distance from OFB to Property Line (at 14m) must now be our Actual Front Yard Width along the 10m-wide RROW to conform with BOTH the client's requirements AND the code. Meaning, if our building footprint is positioned 14m away from the property line, the topmost portion of our 50.8m continuous/straight vertical OFB will be exactly at the point of the Slope of Angular Plane required by the code.
Therefore, the correct answer is c. 14.00m.
So, if we will only consider the front setbacks and disregard any other requirements, then, the yard width would simply be 5.00m.
If we are to continuously project the 47m x 79m AMBF vertically (as the typical floorplate for all floors above), our resulting continuous (straight) Outermost Face of the Building (OFB) will be only be limited up to a certain height (i.e., will NOT cover all the 15 storeys and the parapet wall) due to the provisions of the Slope of Angular Plane measured from the centerline of the street. As such, to conform with the code, we will be forced to provide a staggered building facade along such angular plane which is NOT what the client requires for the project.
As the question has stated, we must also consider the client requirements -- particularly, our client's desire that "the building envelope should be minimalist, purely of curtain glass wall, straight from the ground up, with NO PROJECTIONS or INCREMENTAL SETBACKS whatsoever" -- while still be in conformity with the provisions of the code.
According to the code on establishing the OFB,
"The OFB shall be primarily determined by the vertical projections of the outermost faces of the AMBF up to a height prescribed by the applicable BHL (Building Height Limit)."
(Rule VII, Guidelines on Building Bulk and Development Controls..., Sec. A.3 of the 2004 IRR of PD1096)
(Rule VII, Guidelines on Building Bulk and Development Controls..., Sec. A.3 of the 2004 IRR of PD1096)
In our case, our prescribed height is already given and calculated in Q#2, at 50.8m (actual building height). Our client wants a 50.8m straight OFB (without any staggered walls).
So, what we need to determine is how far from the property lines must our building footprint or OFB be positioned in order for us to have this 50.8m continuous vertical height where the tip of the parapet wall (uppermost portion of the building) will be exactly along the Slope of Angular Plane required.
We refer to the table of Angles/Slopes To Satisfy Natural Light and Ventilation Requirements Along RROW and Front Yards where it states,
"Commercial 3 (C-3) ==> 10m RROW ==> Without Projections ==> 69.5° (Angle from Centerline of RROW)"
(Rule VII, Table VII.G.3 of the 2004 IRR of PD1096)
(Rule VII, Table VII.G.3 of the 2004 IRR of PD1096)
This angle means that from the centerline of the 10m-wide RROW, if we project an imaginary line at 69.5° from the horizontal, the OFB must NOT go past beyond such line.
Since our prescribed height is 50.8m, and the centerline of the 10m RROW is measured at 5m from the property line, then, we can calculate the unknown distance of the OFB from the property line using basic trigonometric functions,
Tan(Angle) = Height of Building along OFB / Distance of OFB from Centerline of RROW
Tan(69.5°) = 50.8m / (Distance from OFB to Property Line + Half of RROW)
Tan(69.5°) = 50.8m / (x + 5m)
x = 50.8m / Tan(69.5°) - 5m
x = 18.99m - 5m
x = ~14m
Tan(69.5°) = 50.8m / (Distance from OFB to Property Line + Half of RROW)
Tan(69.5°) = 50.8m / (x + 5m)
x = 50.8m / Tan(69.5°) - 5m
x = 18.99m - 5m
x = ~14m
This distance from OFB to Property Line (at 14m) must now be our Actual Front Yard Width along the 10m-wide RROW to conform with BOTH the client's requirements AND the code. Meaning, if our building footprint is positioned 14m away from the property line, the topmost portion of our 50.8m continuous/straight vertical OFB will be exactly at the point of the Slope of Angular Plane required by the code.
Therefore, the correct answer is c. 14.00m.
Q#4: What would be the Actual Yard Width along the 8m-wide RROW, considering your client's requirements?
a. 13.50m
b. 10.50m
c. 5.00m
d. 6.00m
e. 2.00m
Similar to our solution in Q#3, we refer to the table of Angles/Slopes To Satisfy Natural Light and Ventilation Requirements Along RROW and Front Yards where it states,
This angle means that from the centerline of the 8m-wide RROW, if we project an imaginary line at 71.0° from the horizontal, the OFB must NOT go past beyond such line.
Since our prescribed height was already computed in Q#2 as 50.8m, and the centerline of the 8m RROW is measured at 4m from the property line, then, we can calculate the unknown distance of the OFB from the property line using basic trigonometric functions,
This distance from OFB to Property Line (at 13.5m) must now be our Actual Front Yard Width along the 8m-wide RROW to conform with BOTH the client's requirements AND the code. Meaning, if our building footprint is positioned 13.5m away from the property line, the topmost portion of our 50.8m continuous/straight vertical OFB will be exactly at the point of the Slope of Angular Plane required by the code.
Therefore, the correct answer is a. 13.50m.
"Commercial 3 (C-3) ==> 8m RROW ==> Without Projections ==> 71.0° (Angle from Centerline of RROW)"
(Rule VII, Table VII.G.3 of the 2004 IRR of PD1096)
(Rule VII, Table VII.G.3 of the 2004 IRR of PD1096)
This angle means that from the centerline of the 8m-wide RROW, if we project an imaginary line at 71.0° from the horizontal, the OFB must NOT go past beyond such line.
Since our prescribed height was already computed in Q#2 as 50.8m, and the centerline of the 8m RROW is measured at 4m from the property line, then, we can calculate the unknown distance of the OFB from the property line using basic trigonometric functions,
Tan(Angle) = Height of Building along OFB / Distance of OFB from Centerline of RROW
Tan(71°) = 50.8m / (Distance from OFB to Property Line + Half of RROW)
Tan(71°) = 50.8m / (x + 4m)
x = 50.8m / Tan(71°) - 4m
x = 17.49m - 4m
x = ~13.5m
Tan(71°) = 50.8m / (Distance from OFB to Property Line + Half of RROW)
Tan(71°) = 50.8m / (x + 4m)
x = 50.8m / Tan(71°) - 4m
x = 17.49m - 4m
x = ~13.5m
This distance from OFB to Property Line (at 13.5m) must now be our Actual Front Yard Width along the 8m-wide RROW to conform with BOTH the client's requirements AND the code. Meaning, if our building footprint is positioned 13.5m away from the property line, the topmost portion of our 50.8m continuous/straight vertical OFB will be exactly at the point of the Slope of Angular Plane required by the code.
Therefore, the correct answer is a. 13.50m.
Q#5: What would be the Actual Side/Rear Yard Widths, considering your client's requirements?
a. 5.60m
b. 2.00m
c. 3.00m
d. 3.60m
e. 5.90m
Similar to Q#3 and Q#4, if we are to consider only the setbacks (and disregard other requirements), then, the side/rear yard widths would simply be 2.00m.
However, if we do set the footprint at only 2.00m away from the side/rear property lines, we are obligated to provide incremental setbacks on the upper storeys -- which the client does NOT want -- to conform with the code.
Since the client requires that the OFB is continuous/straight from the ground up with NO projections or stagerred walls, then, we must use the OFB along the 14th floor as our basis of the building footprint at ground level so that incremental setbacks will not be necessary. As per code, the 300mm increments will start after the 2nd floor up to the 14th floor (or 12 storeys), and our rear/side setback was determined as 2m. So,
This means that if we position our building footprint at 5.6m away from the side/rear property lines, we can satisfy the client's requirements of a straight vertical wall of the OFB while satisfying code requirements on light and ventilation.
Therefore, the correct answer is a. 5.60m.
However, if we do set the footprint at only 2.00m away from the side/rear property lines, we are obligated to provide incremental setbacks on the upper storeys -- which the client does NOT want -- to conform with the code.
"For buildings of more than two (2) storeys in height, the minimum width of the rear or side court shall be increased at the rate of 300 millimeters for each additional storey up to the fourteenth (14th) storey (Figure VIII.20. showing incremental setbacks). For buildings exceeding fourteen (14) storeys in height, the required width of the court shall be computed on the basis of fourteen (14) storeys."
(Sec. 804.6 of the 2004 IRR of PD1096)
(Sec. 804.6 of the 2004 IRR of PD1096)
Since the client requires that the OFB is continuous/straight from the ground up with NO projections or stagerred walls, then, we must use the OFB along the 14th floor as our basis of the building footprint at ground level so that incremental setbacks will not be necessary. As per code, the 300mm increments will start after the 2nd floor up to the 14th floor (or 12 storeys), and our rear/side setback was determined as 2m. So,
Actual Side/Rear Yard Width = (0.3m x 12 storeys) + 2m
Actual Side/Rear Yard Width = (3.6m) + 2m
Actual Side/Rear Yard Width = 5.6m
Actual Side/Rear Yard Width = (3.6m) + 2m
Actual Side/Rear Yard Width = 5.6m
This means that if we position our building footprint at 5.6m away from the side/rear property lines, we can satisfy the client's requirements of a straight vertical wall of the OFB while satisfying code requirements on light and ventilation.
Therefore, the correct answer is a. 5.60m.
Q#6: What are the Actual Typical Floorplate Dimensions of the Proposed Office Building?
a. 34.6m x 66.1m
b. 39.9m x 69.6m
c. 37.9m x 71.19m
d. 47.0m x 79.0m
e. 34.9m x 66.4m
Given our solutions from Q#3 to Q#5, we have already determined the actual footprint to satisfy BOTH the code AND the client's requirements,
Therefore, the correct answer is e. 34.9m x 66.4m.
Actual Bldg. Width = Lot Width - Front Yard Width - Side/Rear Yard Width
Actual Bldg. Width = 54m - 13.5m - 5.6m
Actual Bldg. Width = 34.9m
Actual Bldg. Depth = Lot Depth - Front Yard Width - Side/Rear Yard Width
Actual Bldg. Depth = 86m - 14m - 5.6m
Actual Bldg. Depth = 66.4m
Actual Building Footprint = 34.9m x 66.4m
Actual Bldg. Width = 54m - 13.5m - 5.6m
Actual Bldg. Width = 34.9m
Actual Bldg. Depth = Lot Depth - Front Yard Width - Side/Rear Yard Width
Actual Bldg. Depth = 86m - 14m - 5.6m
Actual Bldg. Depth = 66.4m
Actual Building Footprint = 34.9m x 66.4m
Therefore, the correct answer is e. 34.9m x 66.4m.
Q#7: What is the Actual Percentage of Site Occupancy (PSO)?
a. 79.95%
b. 58.1%
c. 49.25%
d. 49.9%
e. 59.8%
Since in our solution for Q#6, we have determined that the Actual Building Footprint is 34.9m x 66.4m (or 2,317.36sqm), then,
Therefore, the correct answer is d. 49.9%.
Actual PSO = Actual Building Footprint / TLA x 100%
Actual PSO = 2,317.36sqm / 4,644sqm x 100%
Actual PSO = 0.499 x 100%
Actual PSO = 49.9%
Actual PSO = 2,317.36sqm / 4,644sqm x 100%
Actual PSO = 0.499 x 100%
Actual PSO = 49.9%
Therefore, the correct answer is d. 49.9%.
Q#8: What is the Actual Unpaved Open Space (USA), if the Maximum Allowable Paved Open Spaces (ISA) are utilized?
a. 234.40 sqm
b. 1,630.04 sqm
c. 938.16 sqm
d. 1,660.34 sqm
e. 1,249.299 sqm
We refer to the table of Maximum Allowable ISA by Type of Land Use Zoning where we can see that,
The table tells us that only up to 15% of the Total Lot Area (TLA) can be occupied by the Impervious Surface Area (ISA).
At this point, we have already computed our Actual Percentage of Site Occupancy (PSO) in Q#7 as 49.9% of the TLA. Since the Total Lot Area (TLA) is the Percentage of Site Occupancy (PSO) + the Total Open Space within Lot (TOSL) [TLA = PSO + TOSL], and the Total Open Space within Lot (TOSL) is the Impervious Surface Area (ISA) + Unpaved Surface Area (USA) [TOSL = ISA + USA], then, we can compute the Actual USA as,
Since our TLA is 4,644sqm, then, the Actual USA is,
Therefore, the correct answer is b. 1,630.04 sqm.
"Commercial 3 (Com-3) ==> Without Firewall ==> 15% of TLA"
(Rule VIII, Table VIII.1 of the 2004 IRR of PD1096)
(Rule VIII, Table VIII.1 of the 2004 IRR of PD1096)
The table tells us that only up to 15% of the Total Lot Area (TLA) can be occupied by the Impervious Surface Area (ISA).
At this point, we have already computed our Actual Percentage of Site Occupancy (PSO) in Q#7 as 49.9% of the TLA. Since the Total Lot Area (TLA) is the Percentage of Site Occupancy (PSO) + the Total Open Space within Lot (TOSL) [TLA = PSO + TOSL], and the Total Open Space within Lot (TOSL) is the Impervious Surface Area (ISA) + Unpaved Surface Area (USA) [TOSL = ISA + USA], then, we can compute the Actual USA as,
Actual TOSL = [TLA - Actual PSO]
Actual TOSL = [Given Max. ISA + Actual USA]
[TLA - Actual PSO] = [Given Max. ISA + Actual USA]
Actual USA = TLA - Actual PSO - Given Max. ISA
Actual USA = 100% - 49.9% - 15%
Actual USA = 35.1% (of the TLA)
Actual TOSL = [Given Max. ISA + Actual USA]
[TLA - Actual PSO] = [Given Max. ISA + Actual USA]
Actual USA = TLA - Actual PSO - Given Max. ISA
Actual USA = 100% - 49.9% - 15%
Actual USA = 35.1% (of the TLA)
Since our TLA is 4,644sqm, then, the Actual USA is,
Actual USA = 35.1% x TLA
Actual USA = 0.351 x 4,644sqm
Actual USA = 1,630.04sqm
Actual USA = 0.351 x 4,644sqm
Actual USA = 1,630.04sqm
Therefore, the correct answer is b. 1,630.04 sqm.
thank you for this!
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