Q#1: A property of perception in which there is a tendency to group elements which are close together, to the exclusion of those which are further away.
a. Proximity
b. Juxtaposition
c. Gestalt Psychology
d. Proxemics
Juxtaposition:
"The state or position of being placed close together or side by side, so as to permit comparison or contrast."
(Page 54, A Visual Dictionary of Architecture by Francis D.K. Ching)
Gestalt Psychology:
"The theory or doctrine that physiological or psychological phenomena do not occur through the summation of individual elements, as relfexes or sensations, but through gestalts functioning separately or interrelatedly."
(Page 265, A Visual Dictionary of Architecture by Francis D.K. Ching)
Proxemics:
"The study of the symbolic and communicative role of the spatial separation individuals maintain in various social and interpersonal situations, and how the nature and degree of this spatial arrangement relates to environmental and cultural factors."
(Page 57, A Visual Dictionary of Architecture by Francis D.K. Ching)
Proximity:
"Nearness in place, order, or relation."
(Page 54, A Visual Dictionary of Architecture by Francis D.K. Ching)
"A property of perception in which there is a tendency to group elements which are close together, to the exclusion of those which are further away."
(Page 265, A Visual Dictionary of Architecture by Francis D.K. Ching)
Therefore, the correct answer is a. Proximity.
Q#2: Based on Westin's 4 States of Privacy, this is the state in which a person creates psychological barriers against unwanted intrusion.
a. Solitude
b. Defence Mechanism
c. Reserve
d. Anonymity
Based on the Four States of Privacy (by Alan Westin):
Solitude: "Physical separation from others."
Intimacy: "Close, relaxed, and frank relationship between two or more individuals."
Anonymity: "Desire of individuals for times of 'public privacy'."
Reserve: "Creation of a psychological barrier against unwanted intrusion."
(Privacy and Freedom by Alan F. Westin (c) 1967 by The Association of the Bar of the City of New York)
Therefore, the correct answer is c. Reserve.
Q#3: The original scheme for a design presented in the form of a sketch outlining its specific character, to be developed in detail in later studies.
a. Analytique
b. Vignette
c. Concept
d. Projet
Analytique:
"An elevation drawing of a facade, surrounded by a decorative arrangement composed of drawings of the important details and sometimes a plan or section of the facade."
(Page 67, A Visual Dictionary of Architecture by Francis D.K. Ching)
Vignette:
"A drawing that is shaded off gradually into the surrounding background so as to leave no definite line at the border."
(Page 67, A Visual Dictionary of Architecture by Francis D.K. Ching)
Concept:
"A mental image or formulation of what something is ought to be, esp. an idea generalized from particular characteristics or instances."
(Page 59, A Visual Dictionary of Architecture by Francis D.K. Ching)
Projet:
"The original scheme for a design presented in the form of a sketch outlining its specific character, to be developed in detail in later studies."
(Page 59, A Visual Dictionary of Architecture by Francis D.K. Ching)
Therefore, the correct answer is d. Projet.
Q#4: The mental construct of the temporal-spatial experience that occurs as individual ascribes meaning to settings, through environmental perception and cognition.
a. Place
b. Context
c. Setting
d. Settlement
Setting --> WHEN and WHERE the experience occurs.
Context --> The SITUATION (circumstances) in which the experience occurs.
PLACE --> "The mental construct of the temporal-SPATIAL experience that occurs as individual ascribes meaning to settings, through environmental perception and cognition."
(Chapter 13 and Page 243, Introduction to Landscape Design by John Motloch)
Therefore, the correct answer is a. Place.
Q#5: A unified configuration, pattern, or field of specific properties that cannot be derived from the summation of the component parts.
a. Massing
b. Gestalt
c. Parterre
d. Reentrant
Massing:
"A unified composition of two-dimensional shapes or three-dimensional volumes, esp. one that has or gives the impression of weight, density, and bulk."
(Page 52, A Visual Dictionary of Architecture by Francis D.K. Ching)
Gestalt:
"A unified configuration, pattern, or field of specific properties that cannot be derived from the summation of the component parts."
(Page 265, A Visual Dictionary of Architecture by Francis D.K. Ching)
Parterre:
"An ornamental arrangement of flower beds of different shapes and sizes."
(Page 27, A Visual Dictionary of Architecture by Francis D.K. Ching)
"The rear section of seats, and sometimes also the side sections, of the main floor of a theater, opera house, or concert hall. Also called the parquet circle."
(Page 258, A Visual Dictionary of Architecture by Francis D.K. Ching)
Reentrant:
"Reentering or pointing inward, as an interior angle of a polygon that is greater than 180 degrees."
(Page 109, A Visual Dictionary of Architecture by Francis D.K. Ching)
Therefore, the correct answer is b. Gestalt.
Q#6: In proxemics, a type of space that triggers behaviors that tends to separate people.
a. Public distance
b. Socio-petal spaces
c. Defensible spaces
d. Socio-fugal spaces
Socio-petal spaces tend to bring people together (from the suffix -petal, meaning, travelling TOWARDS).
Socio-fugal spaces tend to bring people apart (from the suffix -fugal, meaning, travelling OUT FROM).
Therefore, the correct answer is d. Socio-fugal spaces.
Q#7: A unified composition of two-dimensional shapes or three-dimensional volumes, especially one that has or gives the impression of weight, density, and bulk.
a. Massing
b. Form
c. Parti
d. Perspective
Massing:
"A unified composition of two-dimensional shapes or three-dimensional volumes, esp. one that has or gives the impression of weight, density, and bulk."
(Page 52, A Visual Dictionary of Architecture by Francis D.K. Ching)
Form:
"The manner of arranging and coordinating the parts of a composition so as to produce a coherent image."
(Page 53, A Visual Dictionary of Architecture by Francis D.K. Ching)
Parti:
"The basic scheme or concept for an architectural design, represented by a diagram."
(Page 53, A Visual Dictionary of Architecture by Francis D.K. Ching)
Perspective:
"Any of various techniques for representing three dimensional objects and spatial relationships on a two-dimensional surface as they might appear to the eye."
(Page 72, A Visual Dictionary of Architecture by Francis D.K. Ching)
Therefore, the correct answer is a. Massing.
Q#8: Human qualities are associated with non-human entities/events.
a. Anthropomorphism
b. Anthropocentrism
c. Anthropometrics
d. Abstract Theory
Anthropomorphism:
"The attribution of human traits, such as languange and symbolism, to non-human entities and events, such as God, other animals, or mountains.
(Page 54, The Primitive Mind and Modern Man by John Alan Cohan)
Also,
Anthropomorphize:
"To ascribe human forms or characteristics to nonhuman things or beings."
(Page 57, A Visual Dictionary of Architecture by Francis D.K. Ching)
Anthropocentrism:
"The belief that human beings are the central or most significant species on the planet (in the sense that they are considered to have a moral status or value higher than that of all other organisms)."
(Merriam-Webster Dictionary)
Anthropometrics / Anthropometry:
"The measurement and study of the size and proportions of the human body."
(Page 379, Architecture: Form, Space & Order by Francis D.K. Ching)
(Page 57, A Visual Dictionary of Architecture by Francis D.K. Ching)
Abstract Theory:
"A theory in which a system is described without specifying a structure."
(McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific & Technical Terms)
The correct answer is a. Anthropomorphism.
Q#9: State of having diverse forms, types, or characteristics.
a. Complexity
b. Variety
c. Contrast
d. Contradiction
Complexity:
"The state or quality of being a whole composed of complicated, intricate, or interconnected parts."
(Page 54, A Visual Dictionary of Architecture by Francis D.K. Ching)
Contradiction:
"The state or condition of being opposed, inconsistent, or logically incongruous."
(Page 54, A Visual Dictionary of Architecture by Francis D.K. Ching)
Contrast:
"Opposition or juxtaposition of dissimilar elements in a work of art to intensify each element's properties and produce a more dynamic expressiveness."
(Page 54, A Visual Dictionary of Architecture by Francis D.K. Ching)
Variety:
"The state or quality of having varied or diverse forms, types, or characteristics."
(Page 54, A Visual Dictionary of Architecture by Francis D.K. Ching)
Therefore, the correct answer is d. Variety.
Q#10: This organization was the think-tank of the modern movement or international style. Their series of meetings were not only engaged in formalizing the architectural principles of the Modern Movement, but also saw architecture as an economic and political tool that could be used to improve the world through the design of buildings and through urban planning.
a. City Beautiful Movement
b. C.I.A.M.
c. Bauhaus School
d. Ecole des Beaux-Arts
City Beautiful Movement was a philosophy that originated in the United States of America in the 1890s and 1900s focusing on beautification and large-scale/monumental building in an urban scale.
Bauhaus (Staatliches Bauhaus or School of Building) was an school that originated in Germany from 1919 to 1933 focusing on modernist art and design.
Ecole des Beaux-Arts (or School of Fine Arts) is a school that originated in France in 1648 focusing on the Beaux Arts style patterned on classical antiquities.
C.I.A.M. (Congrès Internationaux D'Architecture Moderne or International Congresses of Modern Architecture) was an organization that originated in Switzerland in 1928 that spearheaded a total of eleven conferences across Europe up to 1959 to spread the principles of the Modern Movement and advance the cause of "architecture as a social art".
Therefore, the correct answer is b. C.I.A.M. (Congrès Internationaux D'Architecture Moderne).
Q#11: A structure of parallel colonnades supporting an open roof of beams and crossing rafters or trelliswork, over which climbing plants are trained to grow.
a. Arbor
b. Belvedere
c. Trellis
d. Pergola
Arbor:
"A shelter of shrubs and branches or of latticework intertwined with climbing vines and flowers."
(Page 27, A Visual Dictionary of Architecture by Francis D.K. Ching)
Belvedere:
"A building, or architectural feature of a building, designed and situated to look out upon a pleasing scene."
(Page 27, A Visual Dictionary of Architecture by Francis D.K. Ching)
Trellis:
"A frame supporting open latticework, used as a screen or a support for growing vines or plants."
(Page 27, A Visual Dictionary of Architecture by Francis D.K. Ching)
Pergola:
"A structure of parallel colonnades supporting an open roof of beams and crossing rafters or trelliswork, over which climbing plants are trained to grow."
(Page 27, A Visual Dictionary of Architecture by Francis D.K. Ching)
Therefore, the correct answer is d. Pergola.
Q#12: A system of architectural education, originated in the late 19th century France, based on placing students for training in the studios of faculty members who were successful practicing architects.
a. Prairie School
b. Academism
c. School of Fontainebleau
d. Atelier Concept
The Prairie School proliferated in the late 1800s to early 1900s in the United States of America where the concepts of the Arts and Crafts Movement were incorporated to develop an indigenous American style of architecture.
Academism is a style of architecture (as well as painting and sculpture) developed in Europe in the 16th century that focuses on the Neoclassicism and Romanticism styles.
The School of Founataineblau (Ecole de Fountainebleau) originated in France between 1530 and 1610, consisting of two periods/schools that evolved the French Mannerism style.
Therefore, the correct answer is d. Atelier Concept.
Q#13: According to Edward Hall, who created the concept of Proxemics, there are four different zones of interpersonal space or psychological "bubble". The subjective dimension of space measured 4 feet to 8 feet (or 1.2m to 2.4m) from a person is known as:
a. Personal Distance
b. Social Distance
c. Public Distance
d. Intimate Distance
According to the concept of Proxemics by Edward Hall:
Intimate Distance is less than 1.5ft (or 0.45m)
Personal Distance is from 1.5ft to 4ft (or 0.45m to 1.2m)
Social Distance is from 4ft to 8ft (or 1.2m to 2.4m)
Public Distance is from 12ft to 25ft (or 3.6m to 7.6m)
Therefore, the correct answer is b. Social Distance.
Q#14: State or equality of being identical, homogenous, or regular.
a. Unity
b. Similarity
c. Uniformity
d. Coherent
Unity:
"The state or quality of being combined into one, such as the ordering of elements in an artistic work that constitutes a harmonious whole or promotes a singleness of effect."
(Page 54, A Visual Dictionary of Architecture by Francis D.K. Ching)
Similarity:
"The state or quality of being alike in substance, essentials, or characteristics."
(Page 54, A Visual Dictionary of Architecture by Francis D.K. Ching)
Coherent:
"Logically or aesthetically ordered or integrated to afford comprehension or recognition."
(Page 54, A Visual Dictionary of Architecture by Francis D.K. Ching)
Uniformity:
"State or equality of being identical, homogenous, or regular."
(Page 54, A Visual Dictionary of Architecture by Francis D.K. Ching)
No comments:
Post a Comment